What physiological effects can occur as a result of diving?

The physiological effects of diving primarily involve the impact of pressure changes on gases in the body. As a diver descends into the water, the surrounding pressure increases, which can affect the way gases are dissolved in body fluids. This phenomenon is particularly significant for nitrogen, which becomes more soluble at higher pressures.

During the ascent, if a diver ascends too quickly, nitrogen that has been absorbed into the body can come out of solution too rapidly, potentially leading to decompression sickness, commonly known as "the bends." This condition arises from the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the bloodstream and tissues, resulting in a range of symptoms.

Furthermore, pressure changes can also influence other physiological responses, such as lung volumes and the behavior of gases in the lungs, which is critical for ensuring safe breathing practices while diving. Understanding these effects is essential for safe diving practices and managing risks associated with depth changes.

The other options do not encompass the comprehensive physiological impacts of diving as accurately as the correct choice.